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<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">ICA-Proc</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Proceedings of the ICA</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">ICA-Proc</abbrev-journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="nlm-ta">Proc. Int. Cartogr. Assoc.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2570-2092</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Copernicus Publications</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Göttingen, Germany</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5194/ica-proc-2-71-2019</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title>Polar and Equatorial Aspects of Map Projections?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Lapaine</surname>
<given-names>Miljenko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" xlink:type="simple"><name name-style="western"><surname>Frančula</surname>
<given-names>Nedjeljko</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geodesy, Kačićeva 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia</addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>10</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2</volume>
<elocation-id>71</elocation-id>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2019 Miljenko Lapaine</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access">
<license-p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this licence, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
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<self-uri xlink:href="https://ica-proc.copernicus.org/articles/ica-proc-2-71-2019.pdf">The full text article is available as a PDF file from https://ica-proc.copernicus.org/articles/ica-proc-2-71-2019.pdf</self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>There is no standard or generally accepted terminology of aspect in the theory of map projections. The term is probably derived from the concept that a graticule is produced by perspective projection of the meridians and parallels on a sphere onto a developable surface. Developable surfaces are widely accepted, and it is almost impossible to find a publication that deals with map projections in general and without developable surfaces story. If found, it usually classifies projections as cylindrical, conical and azimuthal, and applies developable surfaces to define the projection aspect. This paper explains why applying developable surfaces in the interpretation of map projections is not recommended, nor defining the aspect of all projections by the position of a midpoint as polar, equatorial, or oblique. In fact, defining a projection aspect this way is invalid in general, and obscures the fact that the aspect depends on the class to which a particular map projection belongs.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><page-count count="6"/></counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
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